CLASS 8 SOCIAL SCIENCE
- Write a description about the life of people during Gupta period?
- The quantity of carbon dioxide increases as a result of deforestation. Why?
- Reclamation of the wet lands which are the natural sinks of water led to several environmental problems. Which are they?
- Define Green revolution?
- Explain how the sources of water in your locality are polluted?
- Features of decentralised plaining.
- Write down the behaviour patterns and habits you exhibit as a result of social pressure and control.
- Social control creates situations that all can benefits. Give examples.
- Write the negative impacts of Ultra violet rays.
- Write the aims of NITI Ayog.
- Which was the method of food gathering during ancient stone age?
- What are the features of social control?
- The use of iron brought many changes in the life of the Aryans. Analyse.
- Do you think that social control is contrary to individual freedom? Explain.
- How has the spread of agriculture causes to social inequalities?
| ANSWERS |
- A large extent of land was donated to Jain saints, Budhist monks, Brahmanas and to the officials in the place. Those who got the land were given the right to exchange it. They made the farmers work in their land. But the farmers had no right on the land. There was an increase in agricultural production whereas the life of the farmers was pathetic. The fall of the Roman Empire caused for the decline of trade during the Gupta period. The decline of trade during the Gupta period. The decline of trade attracted more people to the filed of agriculture. Towns lost their significance. Power was concentrated on the landlords. The royal power weakened. Various kinds of discriminations existed in the society during that time. Varna system became rigid. The kings encouraged Vaishnava and Shaiva sects and built many temples. During the Gupta period, significant developments occurred in the fields of literature and science. A number of books were written in Sanskrit language.
- The plants seek energy for their growth through photosynthesis. At that time they absorb the Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and release oxygen. As a result of this phenomenon man and all other animals get oxygen. In addition to it, the plants help to maintain the balance of the gases in the atmosphere. Deforestation results in the increase of Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and imbalance of the true structure of the atmosphere.
- * Lowering of water level wells
* Floods become common in rivers even in slight rains.
* Occured some environmental problems.
- Acquiring great progression the field of agricultural process by utilising high yielding seeds, chemical fertilisers and insecticides and financial assistance in lower interest rate is known as green revolution. There occured substantial increase in the production of paddy and wheat through the green revolution. Through the India self sufficiency in this field.
- * As a result of reducing the waste materials to the water bodies from:
* Houses
* Butcher shops
* Workshops
* Service stations
* Industrial effluences
* Excreta of humans and animals
* The chemical fertilizers and insecticides from agricultural fields.
- * Three tier panchayath raj system came in to being parliament passed the panchayathraj act.
* 7th and 74th constitutional amendment came in to force.
* Local development through Gramasabha.
- * Dress in particular way
* Respect elders
* Obey traffic rules
* Discipline
* Obedience
8* Traffic polic to prevent traffic violations on the road to ensure the safety and welfare of all communiters.
* Police make the law breakers pay fine or produce them before the court.
* Prison is the formal system established for implementing the sentence.
- * Climate change
* Destruction of food chain
* Crop failure
* Stunted growth of plants
* Premature ageing
* Blindness
* Skin cancer
10 * Lessen the partnership of the government in the industrial sector.
* Bring the nation through mixed agricultural product system.
* Help the middle class to attain sustainable economic and technological growth.
* Adopt measures to attain economic and technological growth with the co-operation of the ‘pravasi Indians’
* Implement new technology to make cities healthy and secure dwelling areas.
* Make the nation be prepared to face the global markets.
- * They were looking for their prey as a group.
* He ate the meat of predators
* Leader has more power.
* There was no gender difference.
* They began to use stone tools for hunting and goods were exchanged.
12* In every society there are certain commonly accepted standards of behavious
* Society establishes suitable social institutions for the regulation of behaviour and socialisation of its members.
* Social control is formally implemented through the systems such as police, court, prison and military.
* Society has institutions and systems to control, prevent or punish those who do not adhere to social control.
13* Aryans began to settle permanently when they started agriculture.
* The settlement areas came to be known as ‘Janapadas’.
* The head fo the tribe became King.
* Kingship became hereditary.
* Farmers started giving tax (‘bali’) to the king.
* Tax was given in kinds. The society was stratified into four divisions.
14. The pressure and interventions exerted by each social groups over its members in order to ensure and sustain a safe environment is called social control.
Several methods are adopted for social control.
A few of them are given under.
* Formal recognition as approval of great successes / achievements.
* Formal and informal appraisal
* Conviction
* Punishment
* Formal control as per existing rules
* Informal control
* Isolation in the society.
Such activities to control our deeds can lead us through the right path.
15* Agriculture was expanded to a large area and handicrafts based opn agriculture developed.
* This led to the strengthening of a social order based on varmas which was centred on occupation.
* Arthashstra described about slaves who were known as ‘Dasas’ joint family system prevailed in the society.
